索引
abolitionist movement, slavery debate Adams,Abigail,3,17,163,164,206
Adams's correspondence with,123-4,166,170,171,174-5,176-7,178,181,184,185,192,193
as Adams's presidential adviser,188,190
Adams's relationship with,174,185
Alien and Sedition Acts,190,191
bipartisan effort regarding Adams presidency,179,183
death of,243
federal governments transition to permanent location,205
on Gerry,188
on Hamilton,194
Jefferson and,177,178,207-10,211,230
peace delegations to France,180,183,189,192-3,194
presidential election of 1796,175,176-7
presidential election of 1800,203,208-10 Adams,Henry,40,44,195
Adams,John,3,14,17,59,67,79,101,109,123
Abigail Adams and, Adorns,Abigail
Alien and Sedition Acts,190-1,193,201
American Revolution,account of,215-18,242-3,247-8
background,164
candor of,18
death of,225,248
Declaration of Independence,composition of,212-13,216,242
dreams,reports on,214-15
“enlightened perversity” style,195 erratic habits,214,218
executive leadership,approach to,188,190,194-5
Federalists,alienation from,193
Franklin and,165,217,218
on frustration of governing,8
Great Britain,attitude toward,239
Hamilton and,22,37,41,193-4,203,206-7,214,218
historical explanation,realistic approach to,215-20
historical vindication,desire for,213-14,224
inauguration of,184
Independence Day comments(1826),247-8
Jays Treaty,157,138,175
Jefferson-Madison campaign against,195-201,228-30
judicial appointments,208
Madison's attitude toward,196-7
memoir projects,213-14
“monarchist” label,167-9 nepotism charge against,189
Adams,John('
New Army,193-4,202
peace delegations to France,180,185-6,188-90,191-5,197,202
political foes,attitude toward,179-80
presidency of,185-201,204-5
presidential election of 1796,163,175-8
presidential election of 1800,202-3,205
presidential form of address,167-8
on retirement by politicians,123-4
retirement from public life,206
revolutionary career,164-5
Rush's correspondence with,214-22
slavery debate,112-13,240-1
vice presidency of,166-7
Washington and,124,125,175,217
Adams-Jefferson correspondence;Adams-Jefferson relationship
Adams,John Quincy,47,54,156,169,170,171,187,194,195,223
diplomatic appointment,189
slavery debate,278 60
Adams,Samuel,163,165,180
Adams,Thomas Boylston,194
Adams-Jefferson correspondence,169,170
Adams's motives,223-4
on aging and death,226,243-4
as argument between competing versions of the revolutionary legacy,227-42
beginning of retirement correspondence,220-3
delivery of letters,277 33
elegiac tone,224,242-5
on French Revolution,237-9
friendship recovered through,224-5,230,244
as historical record,223,244
Jefferson's apology,238
on presidential election of 1796,178
on slavery,239-42
on social equality and the role of elites,231,233-7
verbal prowess,225-7
Adams-Jefferson relationship,17
Adams's criticisms of Jefferson,171,187,212
Adams's jealousy of Jefferson's revolutionary reputation,212-13
Adams's satirical account of,220
Adams's sense of betrayal,207
bipartisan effort regarding Adams presidency,178-85
bonding during revolutionary period,163-4,180
breakdown of,169-71,188
Jefferson-Madison collaboration,comparison with,171-2
Jefferson's defamation of Adams,198,211,228
Jefferson's failed attempt at reconciliation,207-10
odd-couple status,163
reconciliation under Rush's influence,218,220-2
silence following Jefferson's election,205,211
Adams-Jefferson correspondence Addison,Joseph,139 African Americans, blacks
Alien and Sedition Acts,190-1,193,199-200,201,229,273 50
American Colonization Society,107
,121
American nationhood,origins of,10
American Philosophical Society,170
American Revolution,134
Adams's nonmythologized account of,215-18,242-3,247-8
alternate possible outcomes,5
factionalism of revolutionaries,15
improbability of,5-6
as improvisational affair,5,216
inevitability of,3-4,5
Jefferson's vision of,246-7
most decisive moment,242-3
participants' historical perspective,4-5
slavery debate and,89
Washington's realist approach to command,131-3,135
Ames,Fisher,59,72,116,118,123,180
André,Maj. John,132
Antifederalists,9,59
aristocracy,231,233-7
Arnold,Benedict,27,38,126,132
Articles of Confederation,7,8,52,138
assumption of state debts by the federal government,48
consolidation issue,58,59,63-4
Hamilton's answer to objections,62
Hamilton's proposal,57
Jefferson's views on,51,68-9
long-term effects,80
Madison's views on,57-60,62,64
philosophical foundations,62-5
recalculation of Virginia's debt,73
secession issue and,77,80
Virginians'objections,58-9,65,76-7
Compromise of 1790
Augustus,Caesar,16
(newspaper),126,146,160,190,198
Bache,Benjamin Franklin,126,146,160,191,198
Baldwin,Abraham,85-6
Ballard,Martha,12
Bayard,James,26
Beckley,John,173
Benezet,Anthony,110
Berlin,Isaiah,134
Bill of Rights,53
blacks Washington's attitude toward,158
slavery debate
Boone,Daniel,120
Braddock,Gen. Edward,120
Browere,John Henri,245
Burke,Aedanus,84
Burr,Aaron,17,18-19,53,175
physical appearance,21,22
political career,40-1,43-4
presidential election of 1796,173,176,178
presidential election of 1800,41,42,43,203,205
as threat to American nation,44,45-6
western adventure,38-9
Burr—Hamilton duel
Burr,Theodosia,36
Burr-Hamilton duel,18-19,20-1,60
anti-dueling crusade following,39
Burrs challenge to Hamilton,35-6
Burrs disgrace,27,38-9
Burr's intentions,30-1
Burr's surprise and regret at outcome,2,5-6,30-1 contradictory accounts,27,30,31
core meaning,40,45-7
eyewitness,statement about,27-9
feud immediately preceding the duel,31-8
firing of weapons,25,26,27-31,253 16
Hamilton's alleged suicidal intentions,37
Hamilton's derogatory comments about Burr,32,41-3,44,45
Hamilton's final hours,26
Hamilton's thoughts about,22-3,25,,37-8
Hamilton's wound,25
legendary status,39-40 location of,23
long-standing conflict between Burr and Hamilton,40-6
motives of participants,38
public's perception of,26-7 rules of,23,24
scholarly consensus on,253 16
serious or mortal injury,unlikelihood of,24
weapons for,24
Butler,Pierce,92
Caesar,Julius,6
Calhoun,John C.,94,241
Callender,James,198,201,208-9
Canada,132 Carroll,Charles,246
Catiline,42-3
(Addison),139
census of 1790,102-4
centralized political power,Americans' suspicion of,7-8,9
Church,John,24
Cicero,6,42,123
Cincinnatus,123
Civil War,12,16,101,241
Clay,Henry,156
Clinton,George,40
Cobbett,William,190,217
Coles,Edward,221
Compromise of 1790
congressional approval,50
Compromise of 1790(
dinner-table bargain,48-50,51,73
direct link between two issues,257 41
Jefferson-Madison collaboration and,80
Jefferson's views on,50-1,73-4
preliminary negotiations,72-3
slavery debate and,116
survival of American nation and,50-2,78
Confederation Congress,93
Congress,U.S., House of Representatives;Senate
consolidation assumption issue and,58,59,63-4
slavery debate and,108
Constitution,13
criticisms of,9
ratification of,52-3
slavery debate and,82,83,84,85-6,87,91-6,112,116-18
Washington's retirement and,122
Constitutional Convention,52,121,130,132,165,212,213
compromises to produce consensus,9-10
extralegal nature,8
minutes of secret deliberations,137
“miraculous” quality,8-9
slavery debate,85-6,91-4,110-11
Continental Army,11,121,130-1,165
Continental Congress,67,89,101,165
Cooper,Charles,32
,121
Coxe,Tench,72
Declaration of Independence,11,67,68,122,127-8,139,143,163,165,247
composition of,212-13,216,2.42
slavery debate and,86,88-9
(Adams),165,218,234
Destutt de Tracy,Antoine,238
(Adams),168,169,170,218
Douglas,Stephen,241
Duer,William,65,256 27
early republic, revolutionary era and the early republic
economic philosophy,60-5
Edwards,Jonathan,21,109
Embargo Act of 1807,212
England, Great Britain
Eppes,Maria Jefferson,207
Fairfax,Fernando,105,106
Fauchet,Joseph,147
,17,52,54,55,61,164 Federalists,149,162
Adams's alienation from,193
downfall of,202-4
ideological warfare,186-7
interpretation of revolutionary era and the early republic,14
Jefferson-Madison campaign against,195-201,228-30
Jefferson's conspiracy theory regarding,139-41,147
political elitism and,237
presidential election of 1796,173
secession conspiracy,44
fiscal policy, assumption of state debts by the federal government;funding of the domestic debt
“Founding Fathers” myth,12
France,165,219
invasion of Canada during American Revolution,proposed,132
Monroe's assurances to,146
peace delegations to,180,183,184,185-6,188-90,191-5,197,202,229
“quasi-war” with United States,156,185,192,202,205
XYZ Affair,189-90,196
French
Franklin,Benjamin,13,17,53,101,163,164
Adams and,165,217,218
memorial service for,119
slavery debate,83,109,110-13
stature of,108-10
timing,sense of,109
Washington and,120-1
French and Indian War,120,134
French Revolution,142-3,170,175,202,219
Adams-Jefferson argument about,237-9
funding of the domestic debt,55-7,61-2,64
Gallatin,Albert,191
“General Wolfe's Song,”36
George Ⅲ of Great Britain,68,130,163,175
Gerry,Elbridge,5,86-7,180
peace delegations to France,188—9,197
Gettysburg Address,10,122
Great Britain(England),156,219
Adams's attitude toward,239
Jays Treaty agreement,136-7
Jefferson's condemnation of,143
Hamilton,Alexander,13,14,17,52,132,155,163,164,187,198
Adams and,22,37,41,193-4,203,206-7,214,218
Alien and Sedition Acts,191
assumption issue,57,62-5,77;
Compromise of 1790,48-50,72,73
background,22
death and funeral,26
economic philosophy,60-5
funding of the domestic debt,55-6,61-2,64
Jays Treaty,137,150
Jefferson and,37,41
Jefferson's conspiracy theory and,140,141
libel case,45,254 42
Madison and,54
New Army,21,193-4
personal qualities,22,60
physical appearance,21
political downfall,203
presidential election of 1796,177-8
presidential election of 1800,41,42
secession conspiracy of New England Federalists,44
slavery debate,113
treasonable activities,199
trusting nature,64-5
Washington's Farewell Address,123,148,149,150-4,157
Burr-Hamilton duel
Hamilton,Elizabeth,26
Hamilton,Philip,24
Hannibal,131
Harrison,Benjamin,5
Hartford Convention of 1815,44
Hemings,Sally,201-2,209
Henry,Patrick,52-3,76,163
historical explanation,13-14
Adams-Jefferson argument,227-42
Adams's realistic approach,215-20
(Warren),13,213
Holmes,Oliver Wendell,46
Hosack,David,21,23,25,,28,29,31
House of Representatives assumption issue,50,57
Franklins memorial service,119
funding of the domestic debt,56
Jay's Treaty,138
Missouri Compromise,240
presidential election of 1800,42,43
residency issue,50,69-71,72 slavery debate,81-8,96-101,112-13,116-18
treaty-making powers,138
Hume,David,61
“ideology,” 238-9
imperialism,12
Indians, Native Americans isolationism,129
Jackson,Andrew,156
Jackson,James,81,82,84-5,97-100,111,116
Jay,John,52,77,136' 137,152-3
Jay's Treaty,136-9,141,143,144,145-6,149,150,156,167,175,186,267 35
Jefferson,Thomas,3,4,11,14,16,17,57,58,60,70,71,101,123,127,128,155,165
Abigail Adams and,177,178,207-10,211,230
Alien and Sedition Acts,199-200
American Revolution,vision of,246-7
assumption issue,51,68—9;Compromise of 1790,48-51,72,73-4
conspiracy theory regarding Federalist takeover of government,139-41,147
Jefferson,Thomas,() death of,225,248
debt problem,170-1
Declaration of Independence,composition of,212-13,242
detachment from American developments while in Paris,65-7
dichotomous world view,231
dishonorable behavior,accusations of,208-11
economic philosophy,65
European affairs,misunderstanding of,219
Federalists' attitude toward,149
First Inaugural Address,128
foreign policy,142-3,202
Franklin and,109,110
global revolution,belief in,141-3
Great Britain,condemnation of,143
Hamilton and,37,41
Hemings affair,201-2,209
Independence Day letter(1826),245-7
Jay's Treaty,138,139,143,145-6
party leadership role,183
peace delegations to France,184
personal and political ideals,68
on political parties,186,210,230-1
politics,distaste for,67-8
presidency after Washington,perspective on,181-2
presidency of,212
presidential election of 1796,163,173-4,177,178,181
presidential election of 1800,41,42,43,203,205,208-11
presidential form of address,168
press criticism of,190
reclusive period in mid-1790s,172-3
residency issue,74-6;Compromise of 1790,48-51,72,73-4
reticent nature,67
retirement in 1793,171,218-19
romanticized versions of history,beneficiary of,212-13,219-20
secession issue,200-1
self-deception,capacity for,197-8,210-11,219-20
slavery debate,90,95,99,100,105,106,113,158
“sovereignty of each generation” idea,54-5
treasonable action,defense of,145-6
treasonable activities,198-9
on treaty-making powers,138
vice presidency of,184
vision for American nation,139-42
on Washington's physical decline,125
Washington's relationship with,138-9,140-1,143-5,2-69 71
Whiskey Rebellion,140-1,145
Adams-Jefferson correspondence;Adams-Jefferson relationship;Jefferson-Madison collaboration
Jefferson-Madison collaboration,164,188
Adams-Jefferson relationship,comparison with,171-2 bipartisan effort regarding Adams presidency and,182-3
character of,54,171-2
Compromise of 1790 and,80
constitutional questions and,66,200-1
correspondence,172-3
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions,199-201
partisan campaign against Adams presidency,195-201,228-30
presidential election of 1796,173-4,178
Republican triumph over Federalists,202-4
Virginian perspective,172
Johnson,Samuel,226
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions,199-201
Lafayette,Marquis de,89,245
Laurance,John,86
Laurens,Henry,132
(Adams),223
Lee,Henry,58,64,68,76
Lee,Robert E.,131
Lewis and Clark expedition,71
libel law,45,254 42
Liberia,107
(Marshall),14
Lincoln,Abraham,10,16,156,241
Louisiana Purchase,74,212,241
Madison,James,8,17,66,68,155,163,164
Adams,attitude toward,196-7
Alien and Sedition Acts,200
assumption issue,57-60,62,64;Compromise of 1790,48,49-50,72,73
constitutional government,efforts on behalf of,52-3
economic philosophy,65
Federalist orientation prior to 1790,54-5
Federalists' attitude toward,149
Franklins memorial service,119
funding of the domestic debt,55-7,61
Hamilton and,54
Jay's Treaty,137,138
peace delegations to France,180,183,184
personal qualities,53
political skills,53-4,113
Republican conversion,55
residency issue,70-1,72,74,75-6;Compromise of 1790,48,49-50,72,73
Sectional Compromise,94
slavery debate,82-3,87,91,94,95,113-18,119,158
on treaty-making powers,137-8
Washington's Farewell Address,123,148-9
Jefferson-Madison collaboration Marshall,John,14,53,155,191
Supreme Court appointment,208
Martin,Luther,92,94-5
Mason,George,68,95,96
Massachusetts Constitution,165
Mather,Cotton,109
Mazzei,Phillip,141,145
Mecklenburg Declaration,242
Mifflin,Warner,97-8
Missouri Compromise,239-40,241
monarchical principle,168-9,204
Monroe,James,50,51,123,174,198
extreme Republican mentality,146
Monroe Doctrine,136
Moore,Benjamin,26
Morris,Gouverneur,26,92
Napoleon I of France,131,135,185,202,237,238
national capital,permanent residence for, residency issue national university,proposal for,153-4
Native Americans,12,100,133,226
Washington's policy toward,158-9
natural rights,10
navy,185,193,227
Necker,Jacques,61
neutrality policy,134-6
New Army,21,193-4,199,202
New York Manumission Society,113
Northwest Ordinance of 1787,93-4
(Jefferson),90,99,100,105,158
nullification issue,93,199-200
Page,John,87
Paine,Tom,3,5,126,139,169,207
Peale,Charles Willson,18
Pemberton,John,116
Pendleton,Nathaniel,21,23,24,26,27-9,31,34,35
Pennsylvania Abolition Society,83,110
Pennsylvania Avenue,75
,254 42
Pickering,Timothy,44,192
Pinckney,Charles Cotesworth,92,95
Pinckney,Thomas,177-8
Pinckney's Treaty,267 35
political parties,15,162,186-7,204,210,230-1
Federalists;Republicans
,190,192,193
Postlethwayt,Malachai,61
,71
Potomac mythology,70-2
presidential election of 1796
Adams's candidacy,175-7
electoral vote,177-8,181
Jefferson's candidacy,173-4,181
Jefferson's congratulatory letter to Adams,178
prospective candidates,163
qualifications for presidency,162
uncertainty about,162,177
presidential election of 1800,41,42,43,202-3,205
Jefferson's “dishonorable”behavior,208-11
presidential form of address,167-8
press,the,187
Priestley,Joseph,228
Proclamation of Neutrality(1793),135
property rights,91
(Callender),198
Quakers,81,97,110,117
Randolph,Edmund,60,66,96,146-7
Randolph,John,35
Randolph,Thomas Jefferson,245
recovery of public debt, assumption of state debts by the federal government;funding of the domestic debt
(Hamilton),54,55,60-1,62,63
republican paradigm,6
Republicans,162
Alien and Sedition Acts and,190-1
ideological warfare,186-7
interpretation of revolutionary era and the early republic,13-14
Jefferson's leadership role,183
partisan campaign against Adams presidency,195-201,228-30
political elitism and,237
presidential election of 1796,173
rise to political domination,202-4
Washington,rejection of,160-1
residency issue congressional debate,69-71,72
diffusions victory over consolidation,79-80
as executive concern following congressional passage,74-6
federal government's transition to permanent location,205 Philadelphia's status as likely permanent capital,74,76
Potomac site,case for,70-2
Virginia-writ-large myth and,78-9
Washington's site selection,75
Compromise of 1790
revolutionary era and the early republic American nationhood,origins of,10 assets of the new nation,10-11
common themes regarding revolutionary generation,17-18
constitutional settlement,importance of,8-10
dissolution of American nation,potential for,8
historical perspective for understanding,6-8
ideological debate over,13-15,145-6
institutionalization of ongoing national debate,15-16
liabilities of the new nation,11 as most crucial period in American history,11-12
nonviolent conflict within revolutionary generation,39-40
paradox of,7-8
political cacophony of,16 political leaders' central role,12-13
American Revolution Reynolds,Maria,198
(Paine),139,169
Roman Republic,6
Roosevelt,Franklin Delano,122
Rumbold,Col. Richard,246-7
Rush,Benjamin,4-5,114,124,167,168,180,183,188,213,237
Adams-Jefferson reconciliation,218,220-2
Adams's correspondence with,214-22
funding of the domestic debt,56
Rutledge,John,92-3
Schuyler,Philip,40
Scott,Thomas,84,86
Scott,William,112-13
seal for the United States,101
secession assumption issue and,77,80
Federalist conspiracy,44
Jefferson's advocacy of,200-1
slavery debate and,93,97,105,115
Sectional Compromise,94,95,98,111
Sedgwick,Theodore,191-2
Senate,69,137
oratory in,174
president pro tem position,166-7
slavery debate,113
Shays's Rebellion,141
Short,William,36-7,66
Sidi Mehemet Ibrahim,111-12
slavery debate,8,11,12,17-18,248
abolition in northern states,89-90
abolitionist position,91-2
in Adams-Jefferson correspondence,239-42
J.Q.Adams's leadership of abolitionist movement,278 60
American Revolution and,89
Compromise of 1790 and,116 congressional debate,83-8,96-101,112-13;rejection of right to end slavery,115-18
consolidation issue,108
constitutionality issue,82,83,84,85-6,87,91-6,112,116-18
Declaration of Independence and,86,88-9
demographic dimension,102-4
expansion of slavery into the West,87,90,91,92,93-4
Franklins involvement in abolitionist movement,83,109,110-13
gradual emancipation plans,103,103-8,262 39 historical perspective on,88
“inevitable extinction” viewpoint,89,90-1,94,103-4
insurrections,fears about,87
intractability of slavery problem,91,98,105
Islam's enslavement of Christians and,111-12
Jefferson's views,90,99,106
Madison's views,113-15
national leadership's attitude toward,113
“original intentions”issue,88-97
owner compensation plans,86-7,89,92,106-7,262 38,39 petitions for abolition presented to Congress,81-3,118
proslavery argument,85,92-3,97-102,261 34
racial dimension,99-101,102-3,261 35
relocation of freed slaves,100,106,107-8
secession issue,93,97,105,115
Sectional Compromise,94,95,98,111
silence about slavery,84,87,93,102,115,157-8,239,241-2
in state legislatures,84,94-6
total emancipation,southern concerns about,82
viability of a national emancipation policy in 1790,105-8,118-19,262 36
Virginia's paradoxical position,95-6,103
Washington's Farewell Address and,157-8
Smith,Abigail Adams,37
Smith,Adam,61
Smith,John,71
Smith,Venture,12
Smith,William Loughton,81-2,85,97,100-1,112,116,118
social equality and the role of elites,231,233-7
“Statement on the Impending Duel”(Hamilton),37-8
Stuart,Gilbert,18
Supreme Court,116,208
Talleyrand,Charles,189,194,196,197
Taylor,John,236
“Thesis on Discretion”(Hamilton),37
(Adams),165
Tolstoy,Leo,216
treaty-making powers,137-8
Treaty of Mortefontaine(1800),205
Treaty of Paris(1783),136
Trumbull,John,18,36
Tucker,St. George,105,106,262 39
Tudor,William,240
Twenty-second Amendment,122
Van Ness,William,21,23,24,25,27-9,33,34,35
vice presidency,166-7
Virgil,123
Virginia-writ-large myth,78-9,161 Voltaire,109,139
(Tolstoy),216
War of 1812,135,227
Warren,Mercy Otis,13,180,213-14
Washington,D.C.,75-6,79,161
residency issue
Washington,George,11,14,17,43,51,53,60,70,71,89,163,164,165,184,197
Adams and,124,125,175,217
“Address to the Cherokee Nation,”158-9
American Revolution military command,130-3,135
blacks,attitude toward,158
childlessness of,169
Circular Letter of 1783,133-4
courage under fire,120
decision-making process,150
enlarged federal power,program for,156-7,269 64 final message to Congress,156-7,269 64 final years at Mount Vernon,160-1
Franklin and,120-1
illness of 1790,66,124-5
Jay's Treaty,136-9,144,149
Jefferson's relationship with,138-9,140-1,143-5,269 71
last will and testament,158
monarchical tendencies,127,139
mythology surrounding,120-1
Native American policy,158-9
neutrality policy,134-6
physical appearance,124
realist outlook in political and military matters,131-3
Republican opposition,160-1
residency issue,69,75-6
slavery debate,113,118,263 47
surrendering power,flair for,129-30
vice presidency,views on,167
vision for American nation,7,133-4
Whiskey Rebellion,140-1,145
Washington's Farewell Address;Washington's retirement
Washington's Farewell Address,123 authentic meaning,means for understanding,129
composition of,148-53
foreign policy message,128-9,131-6,148,150
historical commentary on,129
as justification for strong executive leadership,155
misnaming of,122
national unity message,128,130—1,148-9,154-6
national university proposal,omission of,153-4
as prophecy accompanied by advice,155 publication of,121
reactions to,159-60
slavery,silence about,157-8
target audience,157
transcendental status,122
Washington's intentions,128,147-8
Washington's retirement age and health reasons,124-5
as confirmation of republican government,127-8
consitutional significance,122
departure from office,160
“disposable president” principle and,125
first indications of,123
press attacks and,125-7
tradition of retirement and,123-4
voluntary nature,149-50
Washington's Farewell Address
Webster,Daniel,118
Whiskey Rebellion,140-1,145,147,167,186
Whitehead,Alfred North,16
Wilson,James,94
Wythe,George,67
XYZ Affair,189-90,196